A randomized clinical trial was conducted to assess the prophylactic impact of intranasal Dexmedetomidine in mitigating the prevalence of emergence delirium among pediatrics undergoing general anesthesia with Sevoflurane.

Overall, 90 pediatrics who underwent dental rehabilitation with Sevoflurane anesthesia were included. The participants were segregated into 3 groups (30 volunteers in each group). The first group received 2 μg/kg Dexmedetomidine, the second group received 1 μg/kg Dexmedetomidine, and the control group received saline.

Thirty minutes prior to surgery, all children were given a uniform volume (0.02 mL/kg) of the mixed solution applied to their nasal cavity. The assessment of delirium level and incidence in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) was conducted with the aid of the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale (PAED).

In contrast to the control group, the prophylactic utilization of various doses of Dexmedetomidine notably diminished the occurrence of emergence delirium and severe emergence delirium in the PACU. The intranasal application of 2 μg/kg Dexmedetomidine was linked to enhanced acceptance of mask induction and improved tolerance for separation from parents.

The prophylactic effects against emergence delirium in the PACU during dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia were attainable with both 2 μg/kg and 1 μg/kg Dexmedetomidine. However, the 2 μg/kg dosage demonstrated greater efficacy in preventing severe emergence delirium and promoting improved acceptance of the mask.