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Nearly 30% of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes globally are overweight or obese, with risk strongly linked to socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical factors.
A systematic review and meta-analysis has found that nearly one in three children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are living with overweight or obesity, highlighting a growing global concern in pediatric diabetes care.
The study aimed to estimate the global prevalence of overweight and obesity among individuals under 20 years with T1D and to identify associated risk factors. Researchers executed an extensive search across MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science for observational studies.
Studies were eligible if they reported overweight and/or obesity prevalence in pediatric T1D populations. Mixed diabetes cohorts without separate T1D data were excluded. The pooled prevalence was checked via the DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model, with heterogeneity determined via I² statistics. Publication bias was examined via funnel plots along with Begg’s and Egger’s tests.
Of 10,491 screened records, 21 research fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of combined overweight and obesity was 30%, with overweight accounting for 20% and obesity alone for 8.8%. Marked geographical variation and gender differences were observed, with higher rates among females and older adolescents. The analysis identified multiple contributors to excess weight, including:
The findings underscore that obesity in children with T1D is not solely treatment-related but results from a complex interaction of insulin therapy, socioeconomic determinants, lifestyle behaviors, and psychosocial stress.
Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders
Global prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Eric Peprah Osei et al.
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