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GLP-1 receptor agonists improve eating behaviors, with reductions in binge eating, food cravings, and disinhibition reported across studies of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Growing use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) for obesity and type 2 diabetes has prompted interest in their broader effects on eating behavior. Beyond weight loss and glycemic control, these medications may influence appetite, food cravings, binge eating, and other behaviors associated with eating disorders. However, their potential benefits and risks in this area have remained unclear.
To address this evidence gap, Jebeile et al. conducted a rapid review evaluating changes in eating behaviors and eating disorder risk among adolescents and adults receiving GLP-1 RAs for obesity or type 2 diabetes. The review examined whether treatment was associated with adverse eating-related outcomes, changes in eating disorder risk, or improvements in specific eating behaviors.
The researchers searched relevant databases and screened 1,597 records. A total of 25 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria, including two studies involving adolescents with 275 participants and 23 adult studies involving 8,722 participants. The findings were synthesized narratively because of differences across the available studies.
Overall, GLP-1 RAs were associated with improved or unchanged eating behaviors. Two studies reported eating disorder-related adverse events, while two reported no binge-eating adverse events. The key findings were as follows:
The review concluded that GLP-1 RAs were associated with improved or unchanged eating behaviors, particularly binge eating and food cravings.
Obesity Reviews
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Medications for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Treatment: A Rapid Review of Changes in Eating Behaviors and Eating Disorder Risk
Hiba Jebeile et al.
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