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Early-life medical events and maternal medication exposure are emerging as important factors associated with molar–incisor hypomineralization in children.
Molar–incisor hypomineralization (MIH), a developmental enamel abnormality, impacts first permanent molars and often the incisors. The condition arises from disturbances during enamel formation, leading to porous, weakened enamel that is prone to hypersensitivity, discoloration, and structural breakdown. It is increasingly recognized as a multifactorial disorder influenced by prenatal, perinatal, and early postnatal health conditions. The study aimed to assess the association between maternal medication use, perinatal health complications, and early childhood illnesses with the occurrence and clinical features of MIH.
A cross-sectional epidemiological study was executed on 50 kids diagnosed with MIH. Data were collected via a 30-item structured questionnaire completed by mothers, covering pregnancy, birth history, and early childhood medical events. MIH diagnosis was established as per the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria defined by Weerheijm. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests for association assessment and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models with a 95% confidence interval. A significance level of p < 0.05 was applied.
The results showed that:
In adjusted regression analysis, febrile illness during the first year of life was significantly linked with hypersensitivity in MIH-impacted teeth (adjusted odds ratio = 5.71; p = 0.049). The study concluded that early developmental disturbances, particularly low birth weight and perinatal complications, were linked with MIH occurrence. Maternal medication exposure during pregnancy also showed significant relationships with adverse birth outcomes linked to enamel defects.
Epidemiologia (Basel)
Perinatal Risk Factors and Clinical Correlations in Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization: A Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study
Esztella-Éva Kis et al.
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