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Young adults sensitized to the dog allergen Can f 1 experience significantly greater asthma symptom severity and disease worsening.
Pet allergen sensitization continues to rise globally, but its clinical impact on asthma severity and disease worsening remains inadequately characterized. While allergen-specific immune responses are known to influence respiratory health, the contribution of sensitization to the major dog allergen Canis familiaris 1 (Can f 1) has received limited attention, particularly in tropical Asian populations. Researchers examined the prevalence of Can f 1-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization and assessed whether it was linked to increased asthma symptom burden and a higher risk of exacerbations.
They carried out an extensive serological assessment involving young adults (n=736) from the Singapore/Malaysia Cross-sequential Genetics and Epidemiology Study (SMCGES) sub-cohort. Blood samples were analyzed for serum-specific IgE responses against 38 prevalent inhalant and seafood allergen sources, enabling a detailed characterization of sensitization patterns. Investigators then examined how sensitization to the major dog allergen Can f 1 correlated with asthma status, symptom burden, frequency of respiratory complaints, and previous asthma exacerbations.
Can f 1-specific IgE antibodies were identified in 13.5% of the study population, with the majority of positive cases falling within low sensitization categories. Those sensitized to Can f 1 were more likely to exhibit concurrent allergic responses to a broad spectrum of allergens, including house dust mites (HDM), mollusks, cat dander, pollens, crustaceans, fungal allergens, and fish. Among participants with asthma, elevated Can f 1-specific IgE levels were strongly linked to recent wheezing episodes, more frequent daytime and nocturnal asthma symptoms, and a markedly increased risk of asthma exacerbations within the previous 12 months.
Notably, these associations remained robust among asthmatic individuals already sensitized to HDM, reinforcing the potential clinical relevance of Can f 1 sensitization in identifying patients with more severe and poorly controlled asthma. The research showed that sensitization to the dog allergen Can f 1 was strongly associated with increased asthma symptom burden and a greater likelihood of flare-ups. Hence, Can f 1-specific IgE could serve as an important biomarker for identifying those with more severe and unstable forms of asthma, paving the way for earlier risk detection and more personalized strategies.
Journal of Asthma and Allergy
Sensitization to Dog Dander Allergen Can f 1 is Associated with Asthma Symptom Severity and Exacerbations in a Singapore–Malaysia Cohort
Yang Yie Sio et al.
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