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Decreased selenoprotein P levels and gut microbiome alterations directly correlate with systemic inflammation and accelerated cartilage degradation in knee and hip osteoarthritis patients.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is marked by cartilage damage and inflammatory changes. The relationship between selenium (Se) metabolism, gut microbiota, and these disease-related changes was investigated in a study involving 136 participants.
The study included 50 healthy controls, 45 subjects with knee OA (kOA), and 41 subjects with knee and unilateral hip OA (khOA). Researchers examined C-reactive protein (CRP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), serum selenoprotein P (SELENOP), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and complement components C3 and C5a. Se levels in serum, hair, and urine were also measured, while fecal microbiota taxonomy was evaluated using high-throughput sequencing.
OA is accompanied by distinct gut microbiota changes
The microbiota analysis identified differences in several bacterial groups between OA patients and healthy controls. The richness of Bacteroidota, along with the classes Bacteroidia and Negativicutes, was increased in OA, whereas Coriobacteriia was less abundant.
Several bacterial families, including Actinomycetaceae, Anaerovoracaceae, Clostridiaceae, Eggerthellaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, and unclassified Clostridia UCG-014, showed decreased relative abundance in OA. Prevotellaceae and Oscillospiraceae were enriched.
Differences were also witnessed in the richness of certain bacterial genera, indicating broader alterations in gut microbial composition among patients with OA.
SELENOP and COMP show associations with LPS and complement
Multiple linear regression analysis found an inverse connection between SELENOP and LPS concentrations. COMP was positively associated with C5a and negatively associated with SELENOP.
Few bacterial taxa were also prominent predictors of SELENOP and COMP levels, further connecting gut microbial composition with Se metabolism and the cartilage impairment marker.
Gut dysbiosis and Se metabolism emerge as interconnected signals
The findings identified a pattern in which altered Se metabolism, gut microbiota composition, inflammation, and cartilage damage occurred together in OA, with the strongest Se changes observed in patients with both knee and unilateral hip involvement.
Biological Trace Element Research
Selenium, Selenoprotein P, and Gut Dysbiosis are Associated with Cartilage Damage in Osteoarthritis Patients
Tatiana V Korobeinikova et al.
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