Pain Management

As per the recent clinical trial conducted in the department of surgery, Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan, Iran, Pregabalin significantly reduces post-Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy pain and opioid consumption in the first 3 days after surgery.

Scientists reported higher levels of OEA (oleoylethanolamide) and PEA (palmitoylethanolamide) in plasma of patients with chronic widespread pain (CWP). CWP is one of the most common pain with musculoskeletal problems such as fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). These CWP and FMS chronic pain can alter both peripheral and central pain mechanisms. However, no supporting evidence for such alterations was present. Although, some components of the immune system such as pro- and anti-inflammatory components (cytokines and endogenous lipid mediators), may serve as systemic markers of chronic pain alterations. The lipid mediators such as palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), tearoylethanolamide (SEA) - belong to N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) are known to associated with anti-inflammatory properties. Some previous studies enlightened the lipid mediators role in pain and inflammation modulation via peroxisome proliferator activating receptors (PPARs) activation. The activation of PPARs regulates the transcriptional gene factors which are responsible for chronic pain.