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Salivary MMP-9 shows the highest diagnostic accuracy for periodontal disease, outperforming galectin-7 and galectin-10.
A novel cross-sectional study highlights the diagnostic promise of salivary biomarkers—galectin-7, galectin-10, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)—in distinguishing between periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis, with MMP-9 emerging as the most accurate indicator.
Researchers examined 60 systemically healthy, nonsmoking participants, equally segregated into periodontally healthy (n=20), gingivitis (n=20), and periodontitis (n=20) groups. Comprehensive periodontal examinations were carried out, and salivary biomarker levels were checked via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Those with periodontitis exhibited elevated salivary galectin-7 levels when compared to both the gingivitis and healthy groups (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, galectin-10 levels were higher in both the gingivitis and periodontitis groups than in healthy individuals (p < 0.05), suggesting its involvement in early inflammatory changes.
MMP-9 levels illustrated the strongest association with disease severity, with the highest concentrations noted in the periodontitis group. Notably, even gingivitis patients had higher MMP-9 levels than healthy controls (p < 0.05), reinforcing its sensitivity to early periodontal inflammation.
As per the receiver operating characteristic analysis, salivary MMP-9 exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy for periodontal disease, outperforming both galectin-7 and galectin-10 (Table 1).
To sum up, galectin-7 and galectin-10 may serve as supportive biomarkers, while MMP-9 stands out as a highly reliable tool for differentiating disease states, potentially aiding clinicians in timely and precise detection.
Journal of Periodontology
Salivary galectin-7, galectin-10, and MMP-9 levels in periodontally healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis patients
Ceren Köksal et al.
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