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Supplementing 400 micrograms of folic acid daily from preconception through the first trimester is essential for preventing neural tube defects and promoting healthy embryo development.
In a recent study, folic acid (synthetic form of vitamin B9) emerged as an essential intervention for childbearing women, offering a simple yet powerful solution to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs) and support healthy embryonic development.
Folic acid is usually found in fortified foods and supplements, while folate naturally occurs in foods. Both are fundamental for the formation of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and proteins. Folic acid serves as a coenzyme in the transfer of a single carbon during the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and amino acids. It is especially crucial in tissues with rapid cell division, such as the fetus and trophoblastic tissue, to prevent NTDs.
Hence, the goal was to elaborate the role of folic acid in preventing NTDs among pregnant women. A systematic review conducted across several major databases, including Scopus, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar highlighted the critical need for folic acid supplementation in averting NTDs. The initial trimester of pregnancy is crucial for neural tube closure. Reduced folic acid levels in the blood can impair DNA replication, repair, RNA synthesis, histone and DNA methylation, methionine production, and homocysteine remethylation, all of which contribute to the development of NTDs.
Experts recommend that women of childbearing age take a daily dose of 400 micrograms of folic acid, beginning before conception and continuing until the end of the first trimester. This early supplementation helps ensure that the developing neural tissue receives the nutrients needed to grow and form properly. It supports the rostrocaudal (head-to-tail) orientation of the developing neural tube, enabling it to elongate correctly during embryonic development.
In summary, folic acid is indispensable for preventing NTDs in pregnancies, and its supplementation remains a critical public health measure for ameliorating birth defects. Ensuring adequate intake of folic acid is a simple, cost-effective way to promote fetal health and minimize the risk of devastating NTDs.
Medicine (Baltimore)
The concept of folic acid supplementation and its role in prevention of neural tube defect among pregnant women: PRISMA
Fikadu Seyoum Tola
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