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A history of breastfeeding and diabetes markedly heightens the risk of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, while oral contraceptives appear to have a protective effect against its development.
A multi-center, prospective, case-control study has provided valuable insights into the risk factors associated with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM), a rare and often misunderstood inflammatory condition of the breast. The study involved 504 women (mean age 34.92 ± 7.12 years) diagnosed with histologically confirmed IGM and 504 healthy women serving as controls, recruited across 9 centers. The goal was to explore potential risk factors that may contribute to IGM development.
Data from participants were gathered by trained personnel. To explore associations with IGM, multivariate binary logistic regression was employed, yielding odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Those with IGM were more likely to report a prior history of diseases—33.1% versus 26.6% in the control group. As found, women who had breastfed previously were found to have a sevenfold increased risk of developing IGM (odds ratio [OR] = 7.51, 95% CI = 2.37–23.77).
Notably, the duration of breastfeeding did not appear to influence the risk, suggesting that the act of breastfeeding itself, rather than how long it occurred, may be a key factor in the disease's onset.
Another significant finding was the connection between a history of diabetes and IGM risk. Women with a positive history of diabetes had an over fourfold increased risk of developing IGM (OR = 4.23, 95% CI = 1.32–13.51), indicating that metabolic and endocrine factors may contribute to the disease. Interestingly, women who used oral contraceptives had a lower risk of developing IGM (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.52–0.93).
The findings deliver crucial insights into the risk factors for IGM, with breastfeeding and diabetes emerging as strong contributors. Additionally, the protective role of oral contraceptives offers a potential avenue for further investigation into hormonal influences on IGM. The researchers have announced plans for a follow-up study to explore the connection between breastfeeding, milk stasis, and the development of IGM, in order to better understand the mechanisms at play and improve preventive measures.
Mastitis
Predisposing Factors for Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Large Prospective Multicentric Study
Sadaf Alipour et al.
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